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A paper and pencil approach to improving the reliability and consistency of your products and services.

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Stem and Leaf Charts or Displays

A Stem and Leaf Chart or "Display" as some call it, is a variation on the Dot Plot, and can also be used to collect data and examine its distribution. But unlike Dot Plots, Stem and Leaf Displays show integers along a vertical axis, units of which are shown on the other side of the same axis. This maintains the integrity of the original data when all values cannot be expressed along the axis. Again, avoid time-biased data as it may improperly influence your results. To see the distribution, simply turn it on its side. The example shown is a "bi-modal distribution" (it has two "humps"). This means that for the most part, observed data fall into two groups, one high, and the other low. In this instance, operators gained a more detailed understanding of how one of their pieces of equipment was functioning. This enabled them to adjust other pieces of equipment to better mate with this machine.


Stem and Leaf Chart or Display Example

Notice how the numbers line up. Horizontally, numbers are arranged in sets according to their value (10’s, 20’s, 30’s, etc...). Vertically, numbers are arranged in evenly spaced rows. This way, you can see the distribution of the data set as each data point takes up the same space, filling-in the picture. This method allows you to see that this data set is of a bi-polar distribution, which has two humps when viewed sideways. This data set, in some ways, is the exact opposite of the classic bell curve we have come to know so well during our quality improvement initiatives.
 
Think of the Stem and Leaf Display as a Dot Plot which can handle a larger range of possibilities. Stem and Leaf Displays have the advantage of maintaining the integrity of the original data. You can even record fractional values, (with decimal points) so long as you maintain consistent spacing for values that are whole numbers as well.

 
 
 

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The eManual of Quality Improvement  -  Synerlux Consulting, 2005.  All Rights Reserved.


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